Inorganic industry is used as raw materials for the production of potassium salts, such as potassium permanganate, potassium nitrite, potassium hydrogen phosphate, etc. The daily chemical industry is used as raw materials for making potassium soap, washing soap, shampoo soft soap, snow cream, cold cream, shampoo, etc. Pharmaceutical industry is used to produce progesterone, vanillin and other raw materials. The dyestuff industry is used to make melamine dyes. The battery industry is used to make alkaline batteries. [4]

　　用作皂化試劑、二氧化碳和水分的吸收劑，分析試劑，堿性劑；可用作制品發(fā)色劑，冶金加熱劑和皮革脫脂等方面；用作干燥劑、吸收劑，還用于電鍍、雕刻、石印術(shù)等；

　　It can be used as saponification reagent, carbon dioxide and water absorbent, analytical reagent, alkaline reagent, product chromogenic agent, metallurgical heater and leather degreasing, drying agent, absorbent, electroplating, engraving, lithography, etc.

　　氫氧化鉀可從電解高純度的氯化鉀水溶液制得。所用的電解槽形式以及生產(chǎn)過(guò)程類似氫氧化鈉。使用隔膜電解槽時(shí)，所得的電解液含有10％～15％(質(zhì)量)的氫氧化鉀和約10％（質(zhì)量）的氯化鉀。經(jīng)蒸發(fā)、濃縮、冷卻，大部分的氯化鉀結(jié)晶析出，分離后得到含氫氧化鉀45％～50％的產(chǎn)品(含氯化鉀0.6％)。采用水銀電解法可以制得高純度的氫氧化鉀，但應(yīng)控制氯化鉀水溶液中重金屬雜質(zhì)的含量在0.1ppm以下,以免氯氣中含氫過(guò)高。采用離子膜電解法須使用專用的離子交換膜。氫氧化鉀比氫氧化鈉難于脫水。工業(yè)固體氫氧化鉀的純度為88％～92％，固體有塊狀和片狀兩種。液體氫氧化鉀有45％和50％兩種濃度規(guī)格。

　　Potassium hydroxide can be prepared by electrolysis of high purity potassium chloride aqueous solution. The type of cell used and the production process are similar to sodium hydroxide. When using diaphragm cell, the electrolyte obtained contains 10%-15%(mass) potassium hydroxide and 10%(mass) potassium chloride. After evaporation, concentration and cooling, most potassium chloride crystallizes and precipitates. After separation, products containing 45%-50% potassium hydroxide (containing 0.6% potassium chloride) are obtained. High purity potassium hydroxide can be prepared by mercury electrolysis, but the content of heavy metal impurities in potassium chloride aqueous solution should be controlled below 0.1 ppm to avoid excessive hydrogen content in chlorine gas. Special ion exchange membranes should be used in ion exchange membrane electrolysis. Potassium hydroxide is more difficult to dehydrate than sodium hydroxide. The purity of industrial solid potassium hydroxide is 88%~92%. There are two kinds of solid: block and flake. There are 45% and 50% liquid potassium hydroxide concentration specifications.

　　1、隔膜電解法原料氯化鉀在化鹽槽溶化成飽和溶液，加熱90 ℃時(shí)分別加入碳酸鉀、苛性鉀、氯化鋇除去鈣、鎂和硫酸根等雜質(zhì)，經(jīng)沉降除渣、鹽酸中和、精制的含氯化鉀280～315 g/L的氯化鉀溶液經(jīng)預(yù)熱到70～75 ℃后進(jìn)行電解，得氫氧化鉀、氯氣和氫氣。隔膜法所得氫氧化鉀濃度為10%～11%，需通過(guò)蒸發(fā)濃縮和冷卻澄清，制得含45%～50%氫氧化鉀溶液;也可繼續(xù)在熬堿鍋中濃縮，經(jīng)脫色，制得固體氫氧化鉀，或經(jīng)制片成片狀氫氧化鉀產(chǎn)品。

　　1. The raw material of diaphragm electrolysis, potassium chloride, dissolves into saturated solution in the salt bath. Potassium carbonate, caustic potassium and barium chloride are added to remove impurities such as calcium, magnesium and sulfate at 90 ~C. The refined potassium chloride solution containing 280-315 g/L of potassium chloride is neutralized by hydrochloric acid and preheated to 70-75 ~C. Potassium hydroxide, chlorine and hydrogen are obtained. The concentration of potassium hydroxide obtained by diaphragm method is 10%-11%. The solution containing 45%-50% potassium hydroxide is prepared by evaporation, concentration and cooling clarification. The solid potassium hydroxide can also be obtained by continuous concentration in soda boiling pot and decolorization, or by flaking into flakes of potassium hydroxide products.

　　2KCl+2H?O=電解=2KOH+H?↑+Cl?↑

　　2KCl+2H?O=electrolysis=2KOH+H?+Cl?

　　2、水銀電解法電解液的配制同隔膜電解法。電解室中以石墨(或金屬)作陽(yáng)極，水銀作陰極，電解產(chǎn)生的氯氣送氯氣干燥工序，生成的鉀汞齊流入解汞室。大部分未反應(yīng)的氯化鉀以淡鹽水狀態(tài)經(jīng)處理后，返回原料溶解工序。鉀汞齊與清水反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鉀和氫氣。因解汞室出來(lái)的氫氧化鉀濃度為45%～50%，可作為液體氫氧化鉀產(chǎn)品，也可再經(jīng)熬堿鍋蒸濃成固堿或制成片狀氫氧化鉀產(chǎn)品。

　　2. Preparation of electrolyte for mercury electrolysis and diaphragm electrolysis. Graphite (or metal) is used as the anode and mercury as the cathode in the electrolysis chamber. The chlorine gas produced by the electrolysis is sent to the chlorine gas drying process, and the potassium amalgam produced is flowed into the chamber. Most unreacted potassium chloride is treated in dilute brine and returned to the raw material dissolution process. Potassium amalgam reacts with clear water to produce potassium hydroxide and hydrogen. The concentration of potassium hydroxide from the mercury dissolving chamber is 45%-50%. It can be used as liquid potassium hydroxide product, and can be steamed and concentrated into solid alkali or flake potassium hydroxide product by boiling soda pot.

　　3、工業(yè)上制取氫氧化鉀是電解氯化鉀的水溶液。因?yàn)闅溲趸洷葰溲趸c難脫水，市售品的純度一般只能達(dá)到85%～86%。如需提純可按照提純氫氧化鈉的相同的方法進(jìn)行提純。

　　3. Industrial production of potassium hydroxide is an aqueous solution of electrolytic potassium chloride. Because potassium hydroxide is more difficult to dehydrate than sodium hydroxide, the purity of commercial products can only reach 85%-86%. Purification can be carried out in the same way as the purification of sodium hydroxide.

　　4、氯化鉀經(jīng)精制后，預(yù)熱，不斷注入電解槽中，電解生成液經(jīng)濃縮、脫色而得。

　　4. After refining, potassium chloride is preheated and continuously injected into the electrolyzer. The electrolyte is concentrated and decolorized.

　　5、采用離子交換膜法，以工業(yè)品氫氧化鉀作為陽(yáng)極室物質(zhì)，純水作為陰極室物質(zhì)，在直流場(chǎng)作用下，K+離子透過(guò)具有選擇性的陽(yáng)膜進(jìn)入陰極室與OH-離子生成試劑氫氧化鉀，經(jīng)濃縮、干燥得固體氫氧化鉀。氣體產(chǎn)物 O2 、H2 分別由導(dǎo)管排出。

　　5. Using ion exchange membrane method, using industrial potassium hydroxide as anode chamber material and pure water as cathode chamber material, under the action of DC field, K + ion enters the cathode chamber through selective anode membrane to form reagent potassium hydroxide with OH-ion, which is concentrated and dried to obtain solid potassium hydroxide. The gas products O 2 and H 2 are discharged from the catheter respectively.

　　6、通過(guò)高溫加熱碳酸鈣生成氧化鈣，氧化鈣與水反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鈣，氫氧化鈣與草木灰反應(yīng)生成氫氧化鉀

　　6. Calcium hydroxide is produced by heating calcium carbonate at high temperature. Calcium hydroxide reacts with water to form calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide reacts with plant ash to form potassium hydroxide.

　　CaCO?=高溫=CaO+CO?↑

　　CaCO?= High temperature = CaO+CO?

　　CaO+H?O=Ca(OH)?

　　CaO + H? O = Ca (OH)?

　　Ca(OH)?+K?CO?=CaCO?↓+2KOH

　　Ca(OH)?+K?CO?=CaCO?+2K OH

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